Reciprocal Trigonometric functions
When we take 1 divided by each of the original trigonometric functions we obtain the reciprocal trigonometric functions:
.
An easy way to remember which one is which is to look at the 3rd letter in each reciprocal function. For example, the third letter of cosec is s and so this is one over sin. We can solve equations involving reciprocal trigonometric functions in the same way we solve trigonometric equations. See Example 1. You might also notice that .
These reciprocal functions can be evaluated for angles given in degrees and radians. For example, or . However, like the graph of tan(x), all of the reciprocal trigonometric functions have periodic asymptotes. We cannot evaluate them when the denominator is 0. See graphs below.
Graphs of the Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions
Here are the graphs of the , and respectively. As you can see the angles are given in radians:
Consider the graph of , for example. It is defined by and so has asymptotes whenever . As you can see from the graph, this occurs for multiples of i.e, when . As tends towards these values, the curve grows infinitely positive if is positive and infinitely negative if is negative. This asymptotic behaviour can be seen in the other two curves as well.
Now consider the graph of . This graph has periodic maxima and minima at multiples of . For example, there is a maximum at since . Notice that takes values between and and so will take values less than or greater than . This follows from the fact that dividing by a number less than 1 gives a result greater than 1, etc. Hence, the domain and range for are:
DOMAIN of
RANGE of
where we note that we cannot evaluate nor at odd multiples of . See more on domain and range. The domain of both and is . The range of is the same as that of . Since the range of is with no exceptions, the range of is also . See Example 2 for a transformation example.
Reciprocal Trigonometric Function Identities
There are two more trigonometric identities you should learn. See other trigonometric identities. These two new identities are useful when solving certain trigonometric equations:
See Example 3. There is a quirky way to remember these identities. ‘The one with the tan is sexy’ and ‘the one with the coat is cosy’. They both come from the trigonometric identity . Dividing both sides by gives the first identity and by gives the second.